Pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil in a clear glass vial | |
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Identifiers | |
8191505 | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | |
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Properties | |
Mixture | |
Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
Density | 0.95 g/cm3 at 25 °C (approximate) |
Melting point | 5 °C (41 °F; 278 K) |
Boiling point | 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K) |
Insoluble | |
log P | 1.7 |
Vapor pressure | 4 mmHg |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 65 °C (149 °F; 338 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
verify (what is ?) | |
Infobox references |
Although I have read a lot of stuff here and elsewhere on steam bending wood, I would appretiate your inputs on 'How to steam bend 3/4' X 4' X 4' piece of flat sawn pine wood in a shape of a guitar (max radius 8', may be less at the weist!)?' I want to make a guitar shaped banjo, and pine wood bent in such a way will make the rim. The Yosemite Mountain Sugar Pine Railroad (YMSPRR) is a historic 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad with two operating steam train locomotives located near Fish Camp, California, in the Sierra National Forest near the southern entrance to Yosemite National Park.Rudy Stauffer organized the YMSPRR in 1961, utilizing historic railroad track, rolling stock and locomotives to construct a tourist.
Pine oil is an essential oil obtained by the steam distillation of stumps,[2] needles, twigs and cones[3] from a variety of species of pine, particularly Pinus sylvestris. As of 1995, synthetic pine oil was the 'biggest single turpentine derivative.'[4] Synthetic pine oils accounted for 90% of sales as of 2000.[5]
In alternative medicine, it is said to be used in aromatherapy, as a scent in bath oils or more commonly as a cleaning product, and as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments. It may also be used varyingly as a disinfectant, sanitizer, microbicide (or microbistat), virucide or insecticide.[6] It is also used as an effective herbicide where its action is to modify the waxy cuticle of plants, resulting in desiccation.[7]
Pine oil is distinguished from other products from pine, such as turpentine, the low-boiling fraction from the distillation of pine sap, and rosin, the thick tar remaining after turpentine is distilled.
Chemically, pine oil consists mainly of α-terpineol[6] and other cyclic terpenealcohols.[1] It may also contain terpene hydrocarbons, ethers, and esters. Juno editor 2 3 35. The exact composition depends on various factors, such as the variety of pine from which it is produced and the parts of the tree used.
Properties as a disinfectant[edit]
Pine oil is a disinfectant that is mildly antiseptic.[8] It is effective against Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, the fungi Candida albicans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Gram-negativeenteric bacteria, household germs, Gram-negative household germs such as those causing salmonellosis, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, influenza type A, influenza virus type A/Brazil, influenza virus type A2/Japan, intestinal bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, odor-causing bacteria, mold, mildew, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhosa, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[6]
It will kill the causative agents of typhoid, gastroenteritis (some agents), rabies, cholera, several forms of meningitis, whooping cough, gonorrhea and several types of dysentery.[9] It is not effective against spore related illnesses, such as tetanus or anthrax, or against non-enveloped viruses such as poliovirus, rhinovirus, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.[9]
Froth flotation[edit]
Pine Steam
Industrially, pine oil is used as a frother in mineral extraction from ores.[1] For example, in copper extraction pine oil is used to condition copper sulfide ores for froth flotation. Therefore, it is important in the industry for the froth flotation process. It has largely been replaced by synthetic alcohols and polyglycol ethers.
Safety[edit]
Pine oil has a relatively low human toxicity level, a low corrosion level and limited persistence; however, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes and has been known to cause breathing problems.[8][10] Large doses may cause central nervous system depression.[1]
See also[edit]
- Pine-Sol, cleaning product that originally contained pine oil, though it switched to a different active ingredient in 2013 due to the availability of pine oil
References[edit]
- ^ abcdMerck Index, 11th Edition, 7416. p. 1182
- ^Boyle, Hal (September 12, 1954). 'There's Gold in those Pine Stumps'. Sarasota Journal. p. 11.
- ^Macchioni, F.; Cioni, P. L.; Flamini, G.; Morelli, I.; Maccioni, S.; Ansaldi, M. (2003-03-01). 'Chemical composition of essential oils from needles, branches and cones of Pinus pinea, P. halepensis, P. pinaster and P. nigra from central ltaly'. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 18 (2): 139–143. doi:10.1002/ffj.1178. ISSN1099-1026.
- ^Chapter 1. Production trade and markets. Non-Wood Forest Products 2, Gum naval stores: Turpentine and rosin from pine resin. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 1995. ISBN978-9251036846.
- ^Gscheidmeier, Manfred; Fleig, Helmut (June 15, 2000). 'Turpentines'. Turpentines, 16. Pine Oil. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_267. ISBN978-3527306732.
- ^ abc'Reregistration Decision – Pine oil (case 3113)'(PDF). Environmental Protection Agency. October 2006.
- ^Coleby-Williams, Jerry (April 9, 2004). 'Fact Sheet: Organic Weed Control'. Gardening Australia. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
- ^ ab'Pine Oil'. PDRhealth. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-09-21.
- ^ abDetailed Information On Chemical DisinfectantsArchived 2011-08-21 at the Wayback Machine University of Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, accessed June 26, 2007.
- ^'Pine Oil Poisoning'. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
![Pine Steam Pine Steam](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zugheizkessel_Bauart_%22K%C3%B6then%22_1.jpg/220px-Zugheizkessel_Bauart_%22K%C3%B6then%22_1.jpg)
Further reading[edit]
- Gscheidmeier, Manfred; Fleig, Helmut (June 15, 2000). 'Turpentines'. Turpentines, 16. Pine Oil. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_267. ISBN978-3527306732.
- '8'. TURPENTINE FROM PINE RESIN. Non-Wood Forest Products 1, Flavours and fragrances of plant origin. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 1995. ISBN978-92-5-103648-8. Archived from the original on January 17, 2011.
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The Yosemite Mountain Sugar Pine Railroad is a fun-filled excursion for the entire family, located only 10 minutes from the southern entrance of Yosemite National Park off of Highway 41. The historic railroad offers train rides, gold panning, an on-site rail museum, and a fun gifts & collectibles store. Open April through November. Already a rider? Take our Customer Survey.
Atop the mountain, you can look into the past.
An exciting 4-mile railroad excursion located near the south gate of Yosemite National Park. Ride into history where powerful locomotives once hauled massive log trains through the Sierra Mountains. Where mighty lumberjacks felled the timber, and flumes carried lumber to the distant valley below. The Sierra National Forest’s majestic woods provide the backdrop for this narrow gauge journey back in time.
Ride the Train
Final cut pro 10 4 8 tutorials. Thrill to the sights and sounds of steam-powered railroading while you ride into history throughout some of Sierra National Forest’s most magnificent scenery
Special Events
Ride our Moonlight Special with a bonus BBQ and campfire songs & stories. A family favorite!
So Much to Do
In addition to the train rides, you can visit our Thornberry Museum, visit our gift shop, eat at our railroad café, and go panning for real gold!.
Pan for Gold
Pine Game Wiki
Relive the excitement of the old ’49ers at Gold Rush City–complete with gold panning sluice boxes and prospector’s cabin. Radium 3 1 3 multiplication.